2021
Explain balance of payment position of Pakistan. Also give reasons for disequilibrium in B.O.P. Suggest measures.
asks for: Pakistan link · a way forward · causes
(20)
Debate #212 of 447
Is Pakistan's chronic balance of payments deficit structural or a result of policy?
Appears in:Economics
This debate
All debatesIn shortPositionsNewsEvidence (14)Past questions (4)Same themeIs deficit-financed public spending justified for Pakistan's development?Does comparative advantage justify free trade over protection?Are Pakistan's worsening terms of trade the result of an unequal relationship with rich nations?In short
- Examiners want
- Causes of trade and BoP deficits, reserve volatility, Pakistan data, both structural and policy explanations, corrective measures
- Last asked
- Explain balance of payment position of Pakistan. Also give reasons for disequilibrium in B.O.P. Suggest measures. Outline it
- Positions
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Positions
No argument map yet. Chains appear when evidence for this debate is linked. 14 evidence cards already cite this debate.
Evidence you can cite
Nine-month remittances were roughly one-third larger than goods exports. (Jul-Mar FY2026)Derived from PESGoods imports: US$59.1 billion (FY2024-25)Pakistan Economic SurveyICT export remittances: US$3.388 billion ICT export remittances during Jul–Mar FY2026, up 19.7%. (Jul-Mar FY2026)Pakistan Economic Survey 2025-26Freelancer remittances (Jul-Mar FY2026)Pakistan Economic Survey 2025-26
+10 more
Freelancer remittances US$856.3m, up ~51%. (Jul-Mar FY2026)Pakistan Economic SurveyPakistan's total external debt and liabilities: US$ 137,558 million (provisional); US$ 136,027 million at 30-Jun-25 (31 March 2026)State Bank of Pakistan, Pakistan's External Debt and Liabilities - OutstandingUS goods trade balance with China: Exports $143,271.7 million; imports $440,319.4 million; balance -$297,047.7 million (2024)U.S. Census Bureau, Trade in Goods with ChinaPakistan's share of world merchandise exports: Share in world total exports: 0.12%; merchandise exports US$30,936 million; world rank 69 (2022)WTO, Trade Profiles 2023: PakistanICT export remittances: US$3.38 billion (Jul-Mar FY2026)Pakistan Economic SurveyICT export remittances (Jul-Mar FY2026)Pakistan Economic Survey / SBPICT trade surplus: ICT services generated a trade surplus of about US$2.911 billion. (Jul-Mar FY2026)Pakistan Economic Survey / SBPFreelancer remittances (Jul-Mar FY2026)Pakistan Economic Survey / SBPPakistan digital export model: ICT exports and freelancer remittances show a service-export pathway with comparatively low physical logistics requirements. (FY2026)Pakistan Economic Survey / SBPPakistan recurrent stabilization cycle: Weak exports/tax/energy + shocks → imbalance → reserves fall → IMF → adjustment → incomplete reform → recurrence (Historical pattern)SynthesisNeeds audit
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Show all 4 questions
2019
What are the reasons for the adverse balance of trade in Pakistan? Suggest the possible measures to improve the balance of trade scenario of Pakistan.
asks for: Pakistan link · a way forward · causes · outlook
(20)
2019
Pakistan is currently facing an acute shortage of foreign exchange reserves and historically Pakistan's foreign exchange reserves have remained highly volatile. What are major factors that affect foreign exchange reserve flows to a country like Pakistan?
asks for: Pakistan link · causes · impact
2014
Give the causes of deficit in balance of payment in Pakistan and suggest measures to correct the adverse balance of payment.
asks for: Pakistan link · a way forward · causes
(20)